Smoking in Public Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Smoking in Public - Essay Example This paper tells that despite the fact that restricting open smoking dangers pushing out eatery and bar administrators from business, it stays a feasible choice to controling the issue. Recycled smoke has the capability of causing malignant growth. Considered as a malignant growth causing specialist, ACS orders it as a known human cancer-causing agent. The smoke from tobacco is said to contain more than 7,000 synthetic mixes, 250 of which are known to be destructive and more than 69 said to cause malignant growth (Schneider 201). It has been explicitly connected to lung malignancy. Other than malignant growth, recycled smoke has been noted to cause different illnesses. Outstandingly, this conduct engenders coronary illness. Subsequently, open smoking makes blameless individuals cause avoidable clinical costs and the related mental injury having a friend or family member experience the ill effects of these infections. It strains open assets that would have in any case been utilized to enough provide food for different ailments. At last, it causes the demise of many friends and family leaving numerous individuals distressed and maybe with no other wellspring of salary. American Cancer Society records an expected 3,400 passings and another 46,000 passings identified with lung malignancy and coronary illness individually coming about because of the introduction of grown-ups to recycled smoke. Who might need to be automatically exposed to such sicknesses that cause unexpected losses? I consider those with the conduct of open smoking as killers who quickly murder guiltless individuals from people in general with their smoke. Much the same as murder is satisfactory conduct, open smoking is likewise unsatisfactory. Open smoking is an obtuse conduct that subjects even kids to a brutal situation. As individuals smoke in broad daylight, even kids get presented to the recycled smoke without their insight. ACS records a lot of numerous dangerous illnesses that could result from kids being presented to recycled smoke including leukemia and throat (pharynx), voice box (throlarynx), bladder, mind, stomach, bosom and rectum diseases. Since adolescence is a phase of advancement where people learn by duplicating, these youngsters could likewise procure smoking propensities, especially open smoking inclinations. Wakefield et al. (322) see that youth presentation to natural tobacco smoke builds resilience of such youngsters to tobacco smoke and subsequently sharpen such kids to embrace dynamic smoking in their high school by decreasing first cigarette harmful discouragement. Such youngsters grow up to be built up smokers in their high school and adulthood. With the World Health Organization, the worldwide pioneer in wellbeing matters, recognizing the staggering monetary expenses of smoking, open smoking, along these lines, sentences such youngsters to an eventual fate of a crushed budgetary life. It could likewise prompt the securing of auxiliary standoffish practices, for example, burglary. Accordingly, open smoking is withdrawn conduct that gives introverted conduct on youngsters. It hazards the life of things to come age, truly, yet additionally typically. With all these negative impacts of open smoking, prohibiting the conduct would be helpful to the general public in general.â

Experiments in Art and Technology Essay

â€Å"The new interface I will characterize is one in which the craftsman utilizes the imaginativeness and abilities of a specialist to accomplish his motivation. The craftsman couldn't finish his expectations without the assistance of an architect. The craftsman consolidates crafted by the architect in the artwork or the figure or the presentation. † what an ideal cooperative energy! Presentation ‘Experiments in Art and technology’ (E. A. T. ) is a matured non benefit making and duty absolved association established as far back as 1966 by revoked architects and specialists. The designers incorporated the people of Billy Kluver and Fred Waldhauer, while the craftsmen, the people of Robert Rauschenberg and Robert Whitman. Investigations in Art and Technology was spearheaded from the experience of a well known work titled †‘9 Evenings: Theater and Engineering’. The outstanding occasion was of the 69th ‘Regiment Armory in new York City, United State of America† (October 1966). Around 40 specialists and 10 famous craftsmen cooperatively cooperated to set up a built and similarly imaginative exhibitions. With crafted by E. A. T. , craftsmen and engineers’ connections have gotten tremendous lift, in this way animating the eagerness and interest of ventures in creative occasions. Companies’ participation through sponsorship is one of the accomplishments of E. A. T. There was quick articulation of enthusiasm for the gathering over the space of time. Three years after the initiation of Experiments in Art and Technology, the association recorded more than 4,200 participations of enhanced craftsmen and designers all around the United States of America, South America, Japan, Canada and each other intrigued industry everywhere throughout the world. Through the procedure towards accomplishing the point of E. A. T. , there was a nearby program inside the gathering named the Technical Services Program. This program improved the viable joint effort of craftsmen working connected at the hip with engineers on a particular task/venture. This was put forth conceivable by a conscious attempt at sticking reasonable specialists with suitable architects for synergic results. The program likewise helped the associates in connecting with ventures and corporate-business networks in addressing the requirements to achieve extraordinary task. Moreover, E. A. T. dispatched between field activities and occasions which were tied down by specialists including the utilization of new mechanical woks. A portion of the ventures incorporated the before referenced ‘9 Evenings: Theater and Engineering† in 1966’, ‘Some More Beginning in 1968’ †the later happened to check the beginning of ‘exhibition of craftsmanship and innovation. The display was held at a historical center in Brooklyn. Remembered for the rundown of the task was the â€Å"artist-engineer joint efforts to structure and program the Pepsi Pavilion at Expo 70 in Osaka, Japan. † Picture indicating First gathering of E. A. T. in November 1966 The Story of Experiments in Art and Technology At the point when Andy Warhol was attempting to make skimming lights, he approached Billy Kluver for his thoughtful help. Kluver, who was a specialist working at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, dismissed the request however rather vowed to offer him a wrapper as a rule use to wrap sandwiches, the material is brilliant. Warhol molded the material into a rectangular article called Mylar today. Infusing Helium into this Mylar made a coasting funhouse reflects in 1966. This case of coordinated effort among craftsmen and researchers was an inspiration to framing Experiments in Art and Technology (E. A. T. ). The craftsman engineer cooperation in E. A. T. was formalized at the occasion of â€Å"9 Evenings; Theater and Engineering†, (Oct. 1966, in New York). The program presented crowd to â€Å"state-of-the-craftsmanship exhibitions and music† from around 50 specialists and designers. Innovation energized things in a considerable manners, e. g. â€Å"Dancers stumbled light switches by moving their legs past photograph cells, and a tennis match-up was intensified through receivers in the rackets. The commendation got was overpowering mirroring the requirement for engineers in aesthetic works. E. A. T. was then settled in November, and by the early ’70s it had just ingested systems of more than 6,000 individuals. â€Å"Throughout the life expectancy of E. A. T. , associated bunches created more than 500 works of art; most regular was the body-arranged execution or supercharged moderate figure. One of the most significant tasks charged was the Pepsi Pavilion of Expo 1970 Osaka. There, more than 60 specialists and architects added to the intelligent displays inside the advanced dome† The Pepsi Pavilion at Expo ’70 Osaka with Fujiko Nakaya’s fog cover Aims and targets of E. A. T. The non benefit making association was lively fundamentally inside the two many years of its foundation in 1966 by Billy Kluver, Fred waldhauer, Robert Rauschenberg and Robert Whitman. It was cut out of the need to ‘mobilize the elements of expressions, industry and science around aggregate undertakings, calling the interest from various controls. E. A. T. additionally planned for empowering the specialized agreement towards the acknowledgment of new methods for communicating expressions utilizing present day mechanical gear, for example, PC made pictures, sounds, video, (varying media), fabricating materials and apply autonomy. To begin with, ‘Experiments in Art and Technology’ united specialists and designers to edify the members so as to habituate them with â€Å"tele-composing and satellite transmission utilizing media transmission technology†. Also, E. A. T. planned for giving the creating nations around a simplicity of Communication Bridge through certain task assignments. In compatibility of these objectives, E. A. T. started opening extensions in the US, Canada and Japan. Different Projects acknowledged at the approach of interdisciplinary included: The Anand Project of 1969, this venture helped instructive TV whereby open spaces were connected together to encourage associations regardless of the separation separated. Through this, various nations all around the globe can trade upsetting inquiries even about a typical vulnerability. For instance, â€Å"Anand Dairy Cooperative in Baroda (India); Telex: Q&A (1971), which connected open spaces in New York (U. S. ), Ahmadabad (India), Tokyo (Japan) and Stockholm (Sweden) by telex† Still among the ventures is the ‘Children and Communication in 1972’this specific task directed the empowering of youngsters inside the suburb of New York City, to trade discussion with wire, phone and fax machine. Likewise, in El Salvador is a venture to mold out strategies for putting away culture and custom in the locale (1973). Assortment of E. A. T. ’s Published Documents Detailing the exercises of Experiments in Art and Technology in 1980; more than 400 reports were put away in chronicle going from data notices, show inventories, periodicals, copies of press clippings, recommendations, addresses, declarations pamphlets reprints of significant articles, among others. The file was kept at significant libraries in New York, Moscow of Russia, Washington in U. S., Paris in France and whatnot. The document was focused on landmark the impression of E. A. T. ’s wide land appendage with specialized and creative decent variety. Specialized Service Program (1966-1973) Technical assistance program (TSP), established as a subgroup in mid 60s, grants authority in craftsmanship and building to work together with the point of meeting the artist’s innovative requirements without break in the group anticipated structure and formative stages. Exceptionally specialized activities were cultivated with this association. This coordinated effort was plugged when E. A. T. bunch concocted EAT News that declared undertakings at various phases of consummation. All things considered, was the occasional open discussion hung on up and coming advances, for example, ‘lasers and holography. ’ The TSP reached a conclusion in 1973 Technical Information (1966) This program gave counseling administrations to specialists. The administration arrangements included ‘technical libraries’ for specialists in New York and phone help line worked by engineers from E. A. T. workplaces. The library assortment highlights recorded exercises of EAT from ‘60s to ‘80s. More on â€Å"9 Evenings: Theater and Engineering† (1966-2005) These were arrangement of occasions that slung exhibitions of craftsmen and architects working as one as an E. A. T. gathering. The exhibitions separated between relationship obstruction. It went does: Billy kluver and Robert Rauschenberg mentioned the working connection of 30-man engineer at Bell Laboratories, looking for their contribution in a between disciplinary venture where cutting edge theater, move and new innovations were mixed together. The craftsmen included were John Cage, Lucinda Childs, Oyvind Fahlstrom, Alex Hay, Deborah Hay, Steve Paxton, Yvonne Rainer, Robert Rauschenberg, David Tudor and Robert Whitman. These craftsmen were combined with architects to create specialized segments on the platform utilized by the members. It was in fact an advancement experience in the field of Art and innovation. Billy Kluver, more distant of ‘Experiments in Art and technology’ Reference http://www. fondation-langlois. organization/html/e/page. php? NumPage=306 The Man Who Made a Match of Technology and Art

How to Avoid Getting Insta-Scammed on Instagram

How to Avoid Getting Insta-Scammed on Instagram How to Avoid Getting Insta-Scammed on Instagram How to Avoid Getting Insta-Scammed on InstagramWhen cruising the gram for cute dog pics and great looks, make sure you watch out for stock photos or questionable giveawaysâ€"and never give out your personal info or location data.How many Instagram followers do you have? Are you an official Influencer? Or are you just there to see some adorable dogs? Or delicious meals? Or… cutetastic… makeup tutorials?But among all that good stuff on the gram, there’s something not so good: scammers! Yes, as with every new form of communication or interaction since the sending of the first smoke signal, if people can talk with it, scammers will try to scam with it.So we’re here to keep you safe while you’re looking at those gorgeous landscapes and cool graffiti portraits. Don’t take that face at face value.As the old saying goes, “on the internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.” Similarly, that profile picture may not belong to the person who created the account. Whether it’s a celebr ity or a stock photo, there are many people using Instagram with a face that’s not their own. And some of those people will be trying to scam you.“Investigate profiles,” advised Justin Lavelle, Chief Communications Officer for BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified). “Scammers often have poorly made profiles. If you suspect a person may not be who he/she is claiming, do a little investigating.How many followers does this person have? A major red flag for a fake account is a  following list significantly higher than the number of followers. Does he/she have a plethora of seemingly-legit photos, or does he/she only have a handful of what looks like stock photos? You can validate a photo’s authenticity via Google Image search. Are they claiming to be a well-known brand or person without a Verification Badge? Some scammer accounts are obvious; others are impossible to tell. Trust your instincts.”Watch out for fake giveaways.Beyond looking for the Verification Badge, you should be i mmediately suspicious if a company or brand’s account name isn’t just the name of that company or brand.“If you see an account that has a company name (that may look official) plus ‘giveaway’ as the account handle, it’s likely fake,” warned Holly Zink, social media expert for Digital Addicts (@digitaladdicts_). “If a real company does have a sweepstake or giveaway, it will be done through their verified account.”OppLoans giveaways, for example, will always be through the official OppLoans  Twitter, or Facebook accounts, with the terms and conditions outlined in a blog post on our site.Be careful with those personal details.Parents used to warn kids to never give out any information on the internet. Now parents put pictures of their children all over Facebook and Instagram. But you should still be careful of just how much you share.“Change personal information on your account,” suggested Lavelle. “Avoid providing your full name, birthday, and home address. Sca mmers only need a few pieces of your personal details to search for your other social media accounts and gather more and more information about you. Use nicknames and bios without too much revealing information. Consider setting your account to private. While this may slow down follower growth (and if that will affect your business/brand, skip this step), you can manage who sees your content.”Zink backed Lavelle’s call for caution: “No matter how enticing an Instagram offer may sound, never provide anyone with your personal information. Just like on other social media platforms, you don’t know if the person or business is who they claim to be.”And more specifically…Don’t share specific location data.When it comes to personal information, you definitely do not want to share your exact location.“Avoid giving out information on exact whereabouts,” Lavelle told us. “This may seem like a no-brainer, but many people forget this Instagram safety step, especially when go ing on vacation. Not only does sharing exact whereabouts put your safety at risk, but also it announces, ‘Hey, I’m not home right nowrobberies are welcome!’Furthermore, hashtags can give scammers personal information without you realizing it. For an example, if a person took a picture of himself/herself in an office and tags it with ‘#work,’ ‘#microsoft,’ and ‘#Bellevue,’ anyone can determine when, where, and what this person works.”Be on the lookout for phishing scams.We’ve warned you about phishing scams via email, but someone may also try to snag you via an Instagram DM. In general, you should probably ignore DMs on Instagram unless you’re absolutely sure of who they’re coming from. And even then, you should be extremely wary about clicking a link that’s sent to you unless you’re beyond certain that you know what it is.Because scammers will try to send you a link that looks like the link to a legitimate site but may have a similar looking character s wapped out for the real one. Even just clicking a phishing link could mess up your device, but you may also be prompted to enter your password information. Hopefully, we don’t have to tell you not to do that, but just in case: DO NOT DO THAT!If you need to log in, just re-enter the actual site or close the app and open it again from your device so you can be certain you’re going to the right place before entering any information.Keep these tips in mind and you can safely peruse all the kitties and donuts you want without fear!To learn more about protecting yourself from scammers, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Dating App Dangers: 7 Tips to Avoid Getting Scammed by a Fake Romance4 Common Home Contractor Scams and How to Avoid ThemDon’t Let Fake Debt Collectors Scam You Out of Money You Don’t OweHas someone ever tried to scam you through Instagram or another social media channel? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Co ntributorsJustin Lavelle  is a Scams Prevention Expert and the Chief Communications Officer of  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified). BeenVerified is a leading source of online background checks and contact information. It helps people discover, understand and use public data in their everyday lives and can provide peace of mind by offering a fast, easy and affordable way to do background checks on potential dates. BeenVerified allows individuals to find more information about people, phone numbers, email addresses and property records.Holly Zink has been a social media and tech expert for 3 years. She’s currently a regular writer on the tech blog Digital Addicts (@digitaladdicts_).

Analysis Of The Poem The Love Song Of J.alfred Prufrock

Karl Marx’s perspective thus pertinently illustrates the alienation of the modern individual from the self and their surroundings as a direct cause of their socio-economic circumstance. T.S Eliot’s poetry established him as one of the most eminent modernist poets; attempting to free himself from the constraints of the Victorian movement which pre-dated him, this is evident in the free verse and stream of consciousness narrative style of ‘The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock’. In doing so, Eliot turned his attention towards the plight of the individual, opting for the ambiguous protagonists in his poetry and exploring the often desolate and depressive urban landscape of the time through the inner workings of an individuals mind. Following on from this, throughout the poem, Eliot conveys a sense of the individual conscience as conditioned by society, through exploring the inner workings of the persona of J.Alfred Prufrock. Prufrock’s lack of identity and freedom in the face of society appears to be the predominant issue he faces, as he wanders the ‘half-deserted streets’, signifying scenes of decay and degradation to the reader, of which the most telling is the â€Å"sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells†, a stark contrasting comparison of the lower class, â€Å"sawdust† covered floors with the elitist imagery of an â€Å"oyster†. Eliot is not solely criticising modern life in the poem, it also serves as a reflection of Eliot’s social context and his own life, a product of its time.Show MoreRelated Distress in The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesThe Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock - The Distress of J.Alfred Prufrock The human psyche is divided into three distinct aspects: the Persona, the Shadow, and the Anima/Animus; at least, it is according to Jungian Psychology. Drawing heavily on the theories developed by Freud, Jungs psychological concepts tell us that if these three facets are not properly integrated - that is, if one of the three is overly dominant, or repressed, or all three are in conflict with each other - then an individualsRead MoreThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Question: Part A: Analyze the social and historical context of a particular poem Poem: T. S. Eliot, ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The context of any given text whether poetry, novels or a movie is always integral to its understanding. Social and historical context of not only the given text, but the writer’s context and reader’s context play an important role in the interpretation and understanding of the major ideas, issues, values and beliefs within the text. T.S (Thomas Stearns) EliotRead MoreAnalysis Of The Love Song Of J Alfred Prufrock And Richard Cory883 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock† and â€Å"Richard Cory† â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† by T.S. Eliot is a poem unlike any I have ever read before. The poem starts off with the speaker taking what seems to be a potential lover along for a walk. The speaker first describes their surroundings and says that â€Å"the evening is spread out against the sky like a patient etherized upon a table† and that â€Å"the streets follow like a tedious argument†. The sky is described as someone who hasRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock launched T.S. Eliot’s status as the influential poet of the twentieth century. The poem narrates the self-analysis of a man, Prufrock, who exposes the void and soulless quality of the modern world through his experiences. The morbid outlook of his life stems from his inability to find meaning in his existence. He is entrapped in a constant cycle of overwhelmingly negative emotions -- anxiety, hopelessness, and despair -- haunted by his fears and regrets. Prufrock’sRead More T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Essay2541 Words   |  11 PagesT.S. Eliots The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Works Cited Not Included The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, a poem by T.S. Eliot, provides an abundant source of material for applying Freudian analysis.[1] Specifically, it is the character Prufrock who supplies this rich source. Although many Freudian themes could have been addressed in relation to Prufrock, in this paper it will be narrowed to the prevalent themes of ambivalence and cultural frustration found in Freud#960;sRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†

Feminism A Man s World Essay - 1380 Words

It is a man’s world. From this verity, feminism has emerged and exists to empower women all over the globe. The roots of the feminist movement date back to the middle of the nineteenth century. In the United States, the first major progress of feminism was the battle to gain women’s suffrage in the early twentieth century. It successfully resulted in the 19th amendment being passed in 1920, granting women the right to vote. Then in the 1960s, feminism had another phase which attracted more diverse people. â€Å"Whereas the first wave of feminism was generally propelled by middle class, Western, cisgender, white women, the second phase drew in women of color and developing nations, seeking sisterhood and solidarity† (Rampton). Although over a century has passed since the first impressions of the popular feminist movement, sexism – a consequence of the patriarchal society – and female inferiority prevails. In today’s society, women are deemed s ubordinate to men, and feminism advocates for a change to create absolute gender equality. The benefits as to why an individual would need feminism are limitless. This movement brings attention to and fights against stereotypes. Stereotypes, whether they appear positive, are harmful and set unreasonable expectations that most people fail to meet. Furthermore, feminism promotes body positivity, especially in youth, and disputes the conventional idea of how a woman’s physique should look. There are too many presumptions about what anShow MoreRelatedWhy Woman Should Be Treated Equally As Man1474 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction: It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the feminism in household in recent society. 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If one would look in-depth into Feminism they would see that there are three waves of Feminism. Now not all types or waves of feminism is wrong, but third wave, or the most recent, should not be supported, because they often tell myths that are just not true or usually use aRead MoreFeminism And The First Wave Feminism1651 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Feminism? The word feminism originated in the 1800’s from the French word â€Å"feminisme†. So what is feminism exactly? Feminism is usually defined as an active desire to change women’s position in society (Kolmar pg.27). There are many ways that feminism can be described as it is a number of theories, social movements, cultural and political movements. These movements are shedding light to the inequalities and equal rights for women and also equality for everyone. Feminism is a way for womenRead MorePatriarchy And Gendered Inequality?1421 Words   |  6 PagesDo you agree that feminism remains a highly relevant ideology in its challenge to patriarchy and gendered inequality? The aim of this essay is to present some very important aspects of feminism as an ideology and its importance in today s world. It is commonly believed, that feminism is no longer needed and should be considered as successfully completed movement. However, there are many misinterpretations of this ideology, which should be corrected in order to fully understand its prime postulatesRead MoreIn Our World Today, The Living Generations Seem To Be Incredibly884 Words   |  4 Pages In our world today, the living generations seem to be incredibly divided in their values, beliefs, and political stances. These differences were prominently shown in the most recent presidential election. Within these differences are differing opinions in what feminism stands for and what the acts in the name of feminism truly mean in the context of society. Feminism as defined by the Merriam Webster dictionary is: â€Å"the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes.† If this

Oppression Of Women In Bessie Heads The Collector Of...

Despite the seemingly absolute oppression of women by men in the Botswana culture depicted in Bessie Head’s â€Å"The Collector of Treasures,† Kenalepe, a female character, exposes the inadequacy of the oppression mechanism as a means to completely oppress women when she circumvents this complex when she attempts to lend her husband, Paul, to her friend Dikeledi for sexual favors. However, the text argues that this maneuvering around the system in order to achieve a level of power can only be achieved when women emulate male societal roles. This loophole to attain agency, which contradicts the societal norms, undermines the success of the overall mechanism of oppression of women since Kenalepe is able to take on a role that mirrors that of a†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the shock of the situation hinges on the fact that Kenalepe is the one doing this loaning, emulating a male pimp offering off his prostitutes. By offering her husband, it can be inferred that she controls some ownership over Paul because she is able to make the offer without consulting him. In this supposed ownership of her husband, Kenalepe uses a similar tool that men use in order to oppress women when she reduces him to a form of property. Here, she takes on a role that would traditionally be taken on by a man in order to assume a degree of power to help out her friend’s sexual needs. Although one may argue that it will ultimately be Paul’s decision to agree to the proposal, just the fact that Kenalepe takes the step to make the proposal in the first place reveals a strive on her part to take on power, especially since she does so by acting as a male would in the situation. In this example, the text lays the groundwork for arguing that the only way for Kenalepe to gain a form of power is by taking on a male role when she assumes ownership of her husband. After Kenalepe makes the offer, her demanding tone and relentless speaking silences Dikeledi’ s own feelings on the proposal in a similar fashion to how a male would impose his opinion over a woman’s opinion. As she tells her friend about the offer, Kenalepe does not give Dikeledi a chance to

Oil Paintings in Romanticism and Cubism Essay Example For Students

Oil Paintings in Romanticism and Cubism Essay Since they were in revolt against the orders, they favored the revival of potentially unlimited number of styles (anything that aroused them). Romantic artists were fascinated by the nature, the genius, their passions and inner struggles, their moods, mental potentials, the heroes. They investigated human nature and personality, the folk culture, the national and ethnic origins, the medieval era, the exotic, the remote, the mysterious, the occult, the diseased, and even satanic. During Cubism, artists tried to create a new way of seeing things in art compared to art during Romanticism times. Paintings in Cubism is more detailed. Many of their subjects, be they people or landscapes, were represented as combinations of basic geometric shapes sometimes showing multiple viewpoints of a particular image, This approach was related more to the way we see images in our minds- eye rather than in real life, that is if we close our eyes and try to see an image, perhaps of a friend or a family member, it is often hard to visualize the whole image. We usually see parts or fractured pieces. In Cubism, paintings are therefore often described as looking like pieces of fractured glass. An Oil Painting by John Constable during Romanticism times John Constable was an artist during the Romanticism times. He painted an oil painting called The Study Of Clouds. The painting is a creation centering around Hempstead Heath. The painting itself may leave you wondering what kind of formation youre looking at. Seen one way, this cloud mass declares a distinct shapeliness. It has a linear structure. Within its clumsiness, you can discern an arrangement of straight lines, diagonals and parallels and intersections and enclosures. Its formed like a graphic symbol or a Chinese pictogram. It could be drawn out in bold, simple marks. The picture depicts a cloud formation over Hempstead, As the picture show clouds, it is very difficult to see any kind of positive at first. But if viewing closer, you will notice that some of the clouds are a little higher than others. This is shown by lower clouds underneath the higher clouds in the sky. Another important thing in this picture is the light and the way it hits the trees and clouds. This gives off a glow and shows just how beautiful nature can be. The upper left and the lower right corners tooth oil minting, are darker than the rest of the painting. It gives a border around the painting, but does not continue all the way around This gives a very good contrast between the dark clouds and the slightly lighter clouds, The Metropolitan Museum of Art http://. NNW. Mutest. Org/OTOH/works-of-art/egg 400. 26 Picasso Queering Cubism Oil Painting The first reaction I have to Queering is destruction. I think Off lot Of lost souls. It isnt easy to describe this image but it has some characteristics very easily understood. The entire painting is dark With cool colors and really no sign Of armor. There are scattered distorted figures not exactly looking like humans but many figures taking the human form with faces and apparent disarray. The piece is representational and has asymmetrical balance. The visual elements are used very efficiently in respect to lines and color. The curvature along with the use of lines helps create the chaotic feeling produced even in the midst of such cool and slow colors. There is a lot of overlapping figures and not much space between any, but the shading around helps create the feeling of space.

Student Role in Politics Essay Example

Student Role in Politics Essay Subject: Research By: Making a Difference, Not a Statement: College Students and Politics, Volunteering, and an Agenda for America Peter D. Hart Research Associates 1724 Connecticut Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20009 April 2001 Date: From February 24 to March 2, Hart Research surveyed a national representative sample of 809 students in four-year colleges and universities; this research, conducted on behalf of the Panetta Institute, gauges students’ views of and involvement in civics and politics. This report summarizes our key findings. The margin of error is  ± 3. 5% for the overall sample and higher for specific subgroups. Forty years ago, something began to stir on the nation’s campuses. In March 1961, President John F. Kennedy, sensing the potential idealism of the nation’s youth, signed an executive order creating the Peace Corps, and a few months later, the first cohort of Peace Corps volunteers embarked for Africa. That same year, college students traveled south to join the Freedom Rides, risking life and limb for the civil rights cause. It was the beginning of a youth movement that ultimately changed the face of America, as it touched everything from race relations to women’s rights to war and peace. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Role in Politics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Student Role in Politics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Student Role in Politics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Four decades later, could students once again provide the energy and idealism that drive social and political change? The results of our national survey among college students suggest that the potential is indeed there. Indeed, the civil rights and women’s movements are now a source of inspiration. And if this potential is realized, this generation is clearly poised to move the country in a progressive direction. In their issue preferences and political leanings, the youth of Generation Y embrace a progressive agenda while rejecting the anti-government cynicism of their Generation X forerunners. Yet, only a fraction of this great potential has been realized so far. Unlike their predecessors four decades ago, today’s college students enjoy the legal right to vote, but only a small minority of Americans age 18 to 21 exercised that right in 2000. These young people care about the issues of the day, yet few believe that working on a political campaign or contacting their congressional representative, for example, can help make society better. They say they want to contribute to their society and make a difference, but most spurn government service as a career option. Their values and priorities seem disconnected from their level of political engagement. Certainly, neither presidential candidate managed to connect with this generation. Today’s students are simultaneously progressive and apolitical; they embrace many government solutions, but evince little interest in government itself. Nevertheless, the survey results indicate that it is possible to get college students involved in the nation’s political life. Indeed, today’s generation of students is like tinder awaiting a spark. New political leadership, making the right kind of appeal and challenging young people to get involved as President Kennedy did in 1961, could once again awaken a powerful response on the nation’s campuses. I. College Students’ Current Outlook 1. Today’s college students are progressive in their views. College students’ agenda for the nation is strongly progressive. Among all the policy priorities tested in the survey, the top three are improving schools by hiring teachers and reducing class size (85% very top or high priority), strengthening and preserving Social Security (76%), and providing assistance to low-income families (73%). The three lowest priorities are strengthening the military (34%), reducing the size of government (23%), and allowing oil exploration in the Alaskan Arctic Wildlife Refuge (21%). Looking back at our history, today’s college students identify with progressive social movements. Overwhelming majorities feel that the civil rights (89%) and women’s rights (78%) movements did a great deal or quite a bit to make American society better. Smaller majorities say the same about the environmental movement (58%), human rights organizations (56%), and the Democratic Party (57%). In contrast, far fewer believe that the Republican Party (45%), the war on drugs (40%), the campaign for teen abstinence (29%), or the anti-tax movement (23%) has changed things for the better. In anticipating the future, many college students look far afield and point to progressive solutions to both international and domestic problems. A majority (59%) believe that most problems facing their generation will be domestic in nature (e. g. , Social Security), but a significant proportion, 37%, think that most will be international in scope. This outlook is reflected in the majorities of students who believe that the following global issues should be either the top priority or a high priority for Congress and President Bush to address: dealing with the worldwide AIDS epidemic (70%), promoting human rights abroad (64%), and cracking down on imported goods made in sweatshops or with child labor (59%). College students’ political affiliations provide further evidence of the progressive environment on most campuses; by a considerable 48%-to-33% margin, students identify more with the Democratic Party than with the GOP. To a lesser extent, this progressive viewpoint is evident in their vote—Gore edged out Bush by 46% to 42% among those who reported voting (another 9% supported Nader). And had they voted, non-voters with a preference among the candidates would have supported Gore by an even larger margin: Half (52%) would have voted for him over Bush (38%); 7% would have voted for Nader. Nevertheless, their votes make clear that neither of the major party candidates managed to connect with these younger voters. Gore, in particular, had the most to gain from the political disposition of the majority students and the issues they believe are important. Yet, while Democrats enjoy a 15-percentage-point advantage over Republicans on campuses nationwide, Gore held only a 4-point lead over Bush in the college vote. 2. Students do not see politics as a primary means of bringing about positive change. Young people are political voyeurs—they watch, but they don’t participate. Students clearly question the efficacy of getting more deeply involved in the political process. Only 12% believe that volunteering on a campaign is a way to bring about a lot of change (40% say some change). Only half that proportion, 6%, actually participated in a federal, state, or local political campaign during the 2000 election cycle. Students also question the effectiveness of other forms of political action. Only 17% say that attending a demonstration can bring about a lot of change (46% say some change). And as far as contacting an elected official about an issue, only 13% to 17% (depending on whether they are e-mailing or writing) say that this is a way to bring about a lot of change. Because students are not sure that their individual involvement will make much of a difference, most students choose not to get involved other than in the easiest, most convenient ways. Although 56% tell us that they have signed a petition, only 19% have participated in a demonstration, and only 18% have written to a member of Congress. 3. The 2000 presidential election may have sparked an interest in politics and an appreciation of the importance of voting. If the election had a single legacy, it would be arousing this generation’s interest in the political process. Students took an active interest in last year’s presidential election: The vast majority (88%) reports checking the latest news at least once a week during the election. Two in five (42%) say they kept up on the news every day, whereas only 6% say they checked the news no more than once a month. One of the most compelling findings from this research is the respect that students say they have for the vote, which perhaps is a result of the historically close election and the equally historic controversy surrounding the Florida recount. A strong majority (84%) believe that voting in a presidential election is a way to make a difference: 47% say that it can bring about a lot of change, and 37% say that it can effect some change. For most students, voting is far more effective in bringing about change than is volunteering on an election campaign, as only 12% say that the latter can bring about a lot of change. The power of one’s vote is recognized particularly among freshmen (88% a lot/some change), women (87%), and students affiliated with one of the major parties (84% Democrats, 85% Republicans). 4. Students believe in and prefer the direct benefits of volunteering. What’s the alternative to politics? An overwhelming majority (86%) of students tell us that doing volunteer work for groups that help the needy is a way to bring about needed change (50% a lot of change, 36% some change). Most students believe that volunteer programs—more so than the two political parties—have made society better. Solid majorities say that youth-mentoring programs, such as Big Brother/Big Sister (68%); private charities (66%); and groups like AmeriCorps (59%) make a great deal or fair amount of difference toward the betterment of society. Because they believe that getting involved in volunteer programs is a way to help their local communities, most students volunteer during their time in college. A large majority (68%) say that they have been involved in volunteer or other types of charitable activities. Sixty-three percent have volunteered at a local school, hospital, or neighborhood center; 38% have been tutors or mentors; and 27% have helped raise funds for a local cause. Volunteering has become part of the college experience. Among students who have gotten involved in their communities, two in five (39%) have volunteered through a program offered by their college or university. Alternatively, they have worked with an organization (13%) or a religious group (12%) with which they are affiliated. The value that students find in volunteerism is evident in their willingness to consider a longer-term commitment to an organization. Nearly three in four (73%) students would consider volunteering for either Habitat for Humanity (42%), the Peace Corps (21%), AmeriCorps (7%), or VISTA (3%) after they finish college or during a break. The vast majority (83%) of students also says that working for an issue organization is an effective way to make a difference. Most students admire progressive issue organizations for their contributions to society: 59% believe that Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) and other groups promoting alcohol awareness have made a great deal or fair amount of difference; 56% say the same of international human rights’ groups such as Amnesty International. 5. Young people are committed to making a difference, but not through government service. Half (49%) of all college students say that in choosing a career, it is very important (a 9 or 10 on a 10-point scale) that it contribute to society. Yet, only about half as many (26%) tell us that they are very or fairly interested in government service; two in five (42%) say that they have no interest whatsoever in working for the government. In part, students question the government’s ability to make changes for the better. While 50% believe that doing volunteer work to assist the needy can bring about a lot of change, only 20% say the same about choosing a career in government. As a result, even those who put a premium on a career’s potential for making a difference are unwilling to consider government service; among this group, only 26% say that they would be interested in working for the government. Sixty-four percent of students say that providing financial aid or forgiving student loans might be an incentive to participate in public service. Three in ten say that it might help to have a parent or professor encourage them to participate. 6. Today’s students don’t hate the government, but they feel disconnected from it. Generation Y is not hostile toward government. Only 23% say that smaller government should be a top or high priority for the nation; 68% say that they are satisfied with the country’s political leadership; and only 38% feel that a candidate’s working to change the way things are done in Washington is a very important quality. If anything, Generation Y would like to see more from government: 85% say that hiring more teachers and reducing class sizes should be a top or high priority for Congress and President Bush; 76% believe that government should be strengthening and preserving Social Security; 73% want government to assist low-income families with children; and 69% say that the President and Congress should put prescription-drug coverage for seniors on the national agenda. Students don’t know what to make of government. When asked whether they think about government as the government or our government, 60% say the government and 39% say our government. Of course, the degree to which students (and presumably most Americans) feel any ownership of government may depend on who is in power—47% of Bush voters and 46% of Republicans say our government, compared with only 36% of Gore voters and 35% of Democrats. II. How Can We Engage Young Adults in Politics? tudents’ concern about and willingness to help the vulnerable and disadvantaged demonstrate that they can be engaged. But this is not the 1960s—they are concerned more with the impact they will have and less with the ideal they will serve. If candidates, political parties, and social-change organizations hope to involve young people, they should understand the following: 1. Young people want to make a difference, not just a statement. While today’s generation is drawn to ideals, whether in voting or volunteering, it also wants tangible results. Asked what they would most like to see in a political candidate, half (50%) of college students say that it is very important that they be idealistic and stand up for principles, but more (63%) say that it is very important that candidates be practical and realistic. This pragmatic orientation is reflected in the 50% who believe that volunteering in one’s community can bring about a lot of change; only 17% say the same about participating in demonstrations. Three in four students say that people can make a difference just by living their lives in a way that is consistent with their social and political values. Thus, to inspire college students, political leaders must offer a vision and back it up with concrete action. 2. Students are looking for honest leaders who understand young people’s concerns. This generation has tremendous respect for the gains made by the civil rights and women’s movements. Hence, today’s students want candidates who can address similar challenges as well as be forthright in face of great adversity. They want candidates who are honest (65% say this quality is very important) and who say what they think, even if their positions are unpopular (51%). Nearly half (46%) of students feel that a candidate’s understanding of their values is very important. 3. Provide avenues for individual empowerment and celebrate the power of voting. Today’s students are empowered by volunteering because they believe their individual efforts contribute to a larger cause that makes a difference. Students do not feel the same way about volunteering for a political campaign, however. But the 2000 election left a legacy, a legacy whose effects may be felt for quite some time to come: Students now believe strongly that their individual votes truly count. We must build on this belief by giving young people ways to participate in the political process (e. . , aggressive voter registration and GOTV). 4. Build a bridge between direct service, and politics and public service. Many have already volunteered in their communities, and even more are open to working with Habitat for Humanity or the Peace Corps after graduation. Cultivate their willingness to act on their beliefs, not as an alternative to political engagement, but as an additional reason to either participate in the political process or make a career of public service. The challenge for political leaders and parties is to show young people who are willing to help Jimmy Carter build affordable housing, for example, that public policy and government can accomplish even more, or show Peace Corps volunteers that only the world’s governments have the resources to tackle global problems such as AIDS or exploitative child labor. The potential is already there—students want a government that does more, whether it is hiring more teachers and reducing class sizes or providing assistance to low-income families. 5. Support and encourage young women. Female students (59%) are much more likely than male students (39%) to say that making a difference is a key consideration in choosing a career, and they are more likely than male students to believe that volunteering for a campaign can make a big difference (59% vs. 43%). Moreover, female students already are more involved than their male counterparts—by 35% to 23%, women are more likely to have boycotted a product because of a manufacturer’s wrongdoing, and by 72% to 64%, women are more likely to have volunteered in their community. Yet, women are much less likely than men to say that they would seek elected office: Only 24% of women, compared with 39% of men, report any interest in running for a federal office, and just 24%, versus 43% of men, are interested in running on the state or local level. And while 31% of men say that they are very or fairly interested in a government career, the same can be said of only 21% of women. Young women’s commitment and idealism is there, but it has not yet been linked to politics or public service. They need role models and support. . To reach this generation, go on-line. The attention that many students paid to the election may have been facilitated by the Internet. While television was almost certainly their chief news source about the election (51% say they get most of their political information from TV) a significant proportion also looked to the Internet. Three in ten (29%) say they follow the latest news about politics and civic affairs on-line. Of those studen ts who followed the presidential election each day, 35% say they rely on the Internet for their news. Of those who checked the news once a week or less during the election, only 23% say that most of their news comes from an on-line source. In fact, the Internet has surpassed the newspaper as a chief news source on most college campuses—just one in five (21%) students say that they get most of their news from a city or national newspaper. 7. Parents must lay the groundwork. Ideally, college is a place where young people are on their own for the first time; it’s a place where they can begin to express themselves politically or choose whether to volunteer in their community. On many if not most campuses, students will have the opportunity to see speakers or authors address political issues; they will be asked to sign petitions for a range of causes; they will witness or even participate in demonstrations; or they may become a volunteer through a program offered by their school or an on-campus organization. Whether students take advantage of these new freedoms depends in large part on their parents. When children grow up discussing politics with their parents, they grow up to be far more interested and involved, both in the political process and in their community. Half of all students say that while they were growing up, they discussed politics with their parents very or fairly often; 39% indicate that they rarely did so; and 11% say that they never discussed politics at home. Of those college students who regularly discussed politics with their parents, 50% report checking the latest political news every day during the 2000 election, compared with only 34% of those who grew up in households where politics was not a topic of conversation; 10% of those reared on politics have volunteered on a political campaign, compared with only 2% of students from apolitical households. In addition, young people raised on politics are more likely to believe that a career in government or public service leads to change (24% major change, 47% some change); among students in non-political households, only 16% believe it would make a major change, and 50% say it would bring about some change.

Supply Chain Re-engineering Consultancy Project - Task 6 Case Study

Supply Chain Re-engineering Consultancy Project - Task 6 Case Study Supply Chain Re SUPPLY CHAIN RE-ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY PROJECT - TASK 6 By of the of the of the school: The supply chain of the company is ineffective. The management can make some important changes to increase the efficiency by putting in practice best practices. First, they should increase the areas of production of the wooden jigsaws. This would eliminate the current stock of approximately â‚ ¬ 20000 being held. In addition, this would increase the efficiency of the supply chain. Also, the company should look for new suppliers who have lesser lead time. The delivery of the supplies in time is very crucial to supply chain (Valverde, and Talla 2012).Moreover, they should employ an automated hammer that hammers the pins into the jigsaws. Furthermore, the fret sawing area should be moved to be near the drill and pin area. This would reduce the time taken in transporting the pinned sheets from the drill and pin area to the fret sawing area.The highly experienced operators should be retained, this would ensure that there are no delays in the supply chain. This is because the training of a new operator takes about two years to be fully proficient. In addition, the company should ensure only skilled labor is employed in the cutting section. The cost of employing unskilled labor is very high. It may result to the blade breaking which may cause delays in the supply chain.Ultimately, management should install blade guards to take care of the operators. In addition, the cutting should be done in a well-ventilated area to ensure that the health of the operators is not at risk. Injuries and ill-operators can cause the supply chain to be inefficient. Also, the cutting of the jigsaws should be automated in order to produce similar batches. If implemented this would render the guillotine section useless and would reduce the supply chain, making it faster.ReferencesValverde, R. and Talla, M. R. 2012. Information systems reengineering for modern business systems. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.

Why men exercise more than women Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why men exercise more than women - Research Paper Example Further, boys tend to experiment a lot. They like emulating their parents, teachers, and other people surrounding them. The boys get themselves into trouble most of the time in school because they are more active than girls who play verbal games in smaller groups (News Staff, 2009). However, Parents experience more rough play with boys than girls during childhood. Parents have been experiencing more problems controlling boys than girls because of their active nature and experimentation. Boys form larger groups than girls and engage in active sports unlike girls who are interested in verbal and passive games. During puberty, boys tend to be more active than girls in that they exercise more often and vigorously than girls. In addition, men engage in activities that are more masculine. At this age, boys tend to explore and adventure for in activities such as camping, mountain climbing, bicycle racing, hunting, and playing football in larger groups. Consequently, single men are more acti ve than single women; most single men exercise more than single women who most of the times engage in passive leisure activities like going out with friends, gossiping, watching television, and chatting on social media. Single men exercise vigorously in the gym and even outside the gym. Married men exercise more than women, and they are more vigorous during their exercise. At this stage, men really exercise and they are less active than women. However, Parents experience more rough play with boys.

Authentic Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Authentic Assessment - Essay Example The concepts of organizing, planning, leading, staffing, and controlling should be taken seriously by the supervisor. Supervisors act as intermediaries by communicating upper management’s objectives so as to realize the set goals. Supervisors facilitate the processes so as to keep the business operating. Based on the functions of the supervisors as well as their major roles, it is good for them to remain a key in steering forward the organization. The decisions made by supervisors on day to day activities affect attitudes and morale of employees as well as profits (Mosley et al, 2010). In the case of this supervisory development plan, the approaches of improving organizational performance through employee development will be reviewed. Developmental goals The goals of the supervisory development plan will be as follows. a. Improvement of communication between employees b. Better training for employees c. Develop a reward system for employees d. Efficient conflict management As a supervisor I have to ensure that my employees are well versed with skills and knowledge required for undertaking their roles. One of the main goals is to establish good communication with the employees. Good communication is essential in running efficient department. Without good communication, daily tasks will not be executed smoothly. Communication enhances efficiency in employee performance by minimizing workplace conflicts. It is essential for the supervisor to be a good listener and teach the employees how to be good listeners of one another. Good communication facilitates problem-solving and teamwork, which is essential for attainment of organizational objectives. Another key goal is ensuring better training of employees. This is essential for ensuring efficiency and increasing productivity. Well trained employees will be efficient in executing his or her duties. With proper employee training, issues of time wastage and flaws in business operations will be addressed. From an other perspective, the supervisory plan seeks to come up with a better reward system for employees. Employees need to be motivated by offering them regular rewards based on their performance. Rewarding employees serves as motivation, uplifts their esteem and acts as appreciation for their hard work. It is also a primary goal for the development plan to ensure effectiveness in conflict resolution. It is my focus that all departments are run well and as smoothly as possible without conflicts. This will be attained by ensuring good communication, proper training, motivation, and building trust with employees. Since best development plans are not always perfect, critiquing will be welcome to ensure constant review of the goals and adjust them accordingly for the benefit of all (Houldsworth & Jirasinghe, 2006). Performance gaps In order to improve employee performance, proper communication and training will be adopted. Employees will be taught on the fundamentals of good communication wi th one another as well as with their managers. There is a great performance gap in good employee performance. This entails the creation of a shared vision with all employees. There is need to communicate effectively with employees on the objectives of the organization and how to executive their roles. By creating a shared vision, the employees will be inspired

Relationship between consumption saving and investment according to keynes

Relationship between consumption saving and investment according to keynes 1. Explain the consumption function according to Keynes! What is the relationship between consumption, saving and investment according to Keynes? The main hypothesis of Keynes is that the real consumption depends on disposable income. This hypothesis you can express like this: C = C(Y). In that case consumption (C) and disposable income (Y) are measured in units.  [1]   Kenynes also said that people enhance consumption when their disposable income increases. But the increase of consumption is smaller than the increase of disposable income. This hypothesis you can describe with the marginal propensity to consume. It describes the increase of consumption when disposable income rises.  [2]   The marginal propensity to consume is defined as C = = Because of the fundamental-psychological law the marginal propensity to consume is between 0 and 1.  [3]   0 When the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8, consumption increases 0.8 units. At once disposable income increases one unit. The fundamental-psychological law is fullfilled because increase of consumption is smaller than increase of disposable income. When 0.8 units are used for consumption the remaining 0.2 units are obviously used for savings. The proof is expressed by following formula: Y = C + S 1 = 0.8 + S I 0.8 S = 0.2 . Therefore we define the marginal propensity to save money as differential quotient dS /dY. The marginal propensity to save shows how much the savings grow due to increasing disposable income. Through differentiation of the budget restriction after Y you can see that after adding the marginal propensity to consume and the marginal propensity to save the result always amounts 1. = 1 I = . That shows you that every additional income has to be used either way.  [4]   The formula below is the consumption function: C = Caut + C  · Y . Caut is autonomous consumption. You can interpret the consumption function like a normal formula which you know from mathematics. Therefore Caut is the intersection point with the ordinate and C ·Y the gradient. The last formula which is important to know concerning the consumption function according to Keynes is the consumption rate. It serves to find out which quantity of disposable income is used for consumption. The formula is c:= .  [5]   So far almost always mathematical background has been mentioned. But it is also necessary and maybe easier to summarize consumption in my own words. This will help to explain the relationship between consumption, savings and investments according to Keynes. Basically Keynes had three suppositions which result the consumption function is.  [6]  The first was mentioned above. He expected that consumption increases when disposable income increases one unit. This mentioned process is the so called marginal propensity to consume. The value of it is between 0 and 1. You see that consumption can not increase just as money. But the main fact is that people lean towards consuming when they have more disposable income. Furthermore the average propensity to consume decline when dispoable income increases and consumption depends on current disposable income. Keynes thought that the rich spend more of their disposable income than the poor and that interest rates are not important.  [7]  Therefore a short example should make this facts more familiar. We expect, that the average consumption and disposable income was 1700à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ and 2000à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬. In a formular you find following average propensity to consum: c0 = = 0.85. The result says that 85% of disposable income is used for consumption. One year later the disposable income increases more than the consumption expenditures: c1 = = 0.84. The result says that now 84% of disposable income is used for consumption. Now it is possible to calculate the marginal propensity to consum. C = = = . Now you see that consumption increases 0.75 units when disposable income increases about 1 unit. While explaining the consumption function different facts were metioned. Also consumptions and savings. One word is still missing investments. In the consumption function according to Keynes investements have not been borne in mind. There is only a relationship between consumption and savings. It was mentioned that you have an disposable income which you use for your consumption expenditures. When consumption does not exceed the disposable income you have a specified amount which you can save. This is expressed by this formular: Y = C + S 1 = 0.6 + S I 0.6 S = 0.4 . Consumption is 0.6 units. Therefore you are able to spend 0.4 units. But when you take a look at the incomne-expenditure model or the equilibrium for good markets  [8]  you find other different relations between consumption, savings and investments.  [9]   The first important formular is Y = C + I + G. This formular describes the equation for equilibrium in the goods market.  [10]  Immediately you find consumption, investments and government spending. You see that there is an existing relationship. Now there is the possibility to play with the formular what could be interesting to identify the different relationships. Therefore taxes (T) and consumption (C) have to be subtracted from Income (Y). It is also necessary to subtract taxes from government spending. The new formular looks like this: Y T C = I + G T. We know that S = Y T -C takes effect. Therefore the term reads S = I + G T . The term on the left side is private saving. On the right side you find investment (I) and public savings (G T). The government is able to run a budget surplus. This happens when taxes exceed government spending. But when government spending is higher than taxes there is a budget deficit. That means that the country consumed too much.  [11]   2. Which monetary policy instruments does a Central Bank have to control the money supply? Which of these instruments is the most effective and why? A Central Bank has three different instruments to control the money supply. It is able to choose between standing facilities, minimum required reserves and open market operations.  [12]   Deposit facilities comply with deposits of merchant banks. Business partners of the european system of central banks (ESCB) are able to invest redundant central bank money until the next business day. There are no restrictions for using this facility and no corresponding amount limits for deposits. The interest rate is the bottom line for overnight money.  [13]  Business partner of the ESCB are able to use marginal lending facilities to provide overnight liquidities by national banks. There is a fixed interest rate for these liquidities. But the business partnes will not get the liquidities if they are not able to deposit refinancable securities. There are also no existing credit lines or restrictions which could make barriers. The interest rate for marginal lending facilities is the maximum limit for overnight money.  [14]   The second monetary instrument of the ECB to control the money supply are reserve requirements. Due to competition international financial centers to decrease the reserve debt. It was introduced in the beginning of the 20th century. The idea was to secure the banks solvency. Nowadays this task is done by banking supervisory standards.  [15]  Banks always hold reserves. The reason is very simple. They want to satisfy the depositors. But that money reserves which are required are much bigger. Therefore the aim to satisfy the depositors is not the only one. To prohibit disadvantages in competition between different currency areas where banks do not have to hold reserves interests are payed on reserves of European banks by the ECB.  [16]  The bank has to have reservers which are equal to 10% of their checkable deposits.  [17]  But it is to mention that the monthly average percentage has to be 10%. If there are liquidity bottlenecks the bank is able to go back to their reserve s. When all banks average reserves at the beginning of the month are below 10% they can feel certain that the ECB provides liquidities at the end of the month. Otherwise banks would not be able to fullfil their reserve requirements.  [18]   The most important instrument are the open market operations. When a central bank buys bonds they pay for them with creating money. This activity is used to increase the amount of money. Vice versa the central bank is able to sell bonds. It has to remove the money which is in circulation because the central bank get it for the selling of the bonds. The amount of money will decline. In modern economies these procedures are the most popular to increase or decline the money stock. Open markt operations are distinguishable into expansionary and contractionary open market operation. To understand that operation an example with a short balance sheet would be helpful.  [19]  Below you find the situation before buying bonds (a) and after buying bonds (b): (b) Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ + 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ + 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ This is an example for an expansionary open market operation. In (b) the amount of bonds is 2 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ that means 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ higher than before. But therefore the amount of money in the economy is also 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ higher. Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ In the example above you see an example for contractionary open market operation. You see that the central bank decided to decline the supply of money. The procedure is the same like for the open market operation only vice versa. The amount of bonds decline and the money in the economy, too. Both decline about 1 Mio. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬. Now it is interesting to know what kind of effects are resulting by open market operations. Therefore it is necessary to take a look at Treasury bills which are one-year bonds. The main fact of Treasury bills is that you get a fixed amount of dollars after one year. An example will explain to you the interest rate which you get after one year. At first we fix that you get 200 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ after one year. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬PB is the price of the bond after one year. In our example we take 150 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ . Below you will find the formular for the interest rate: i This example shows that in that case the interest rate is 33% per year. When you the interest rate for the bond you can play with the formula and change it so that you are able to find the future price of the bond after one year. For that operation the formula below is an example: . Because of this mathematical facts you can say that the price for bonds is less than the final price when the interest rate is positive. Sometimes you read in newspapers that bonds went up. This means that the interest rates for bonds decrease and the prices for bonds increase.  [20]   3. Which monetary policy strategies are the most widely practised? Which monetary policy strategy is currently used by the European Central Bank? The most widley practised monetary policies strategies are the nominal exchange rate peg, inflation targeting and monetary targeting. 1974 the Deutsche Bundesbank was the first one which used monetary targeting. Monetary targeting is based on the quantity theory of money. Therefore it is necessary to take a look at the quantity formula: (1). P are prices, V is velocity, Y is real GNP and M money supply. If you change the formula you are able to see which amount of money has to be choosen to achieve a certain price level: (2). For practical use the stability of velocity is very important. If you take a look at formula (1) you are able to see that an increase of V increases P. That means that less money is needed to achieve an intended price level. V is determined by demand for money. If the demand for money decrease money supply (M) is converted faster.  [21]  A country has to do some tests which proof if monetary targeting can be practiced.  [22]   A further monetary policy strategy is inflation targeting. The short-term or middle-term aim of a central bank which is using inflation targeting is to achieve low inflation rates or their inflation targets. The expected inflation rate play an important role. Central banks are able to influence the inflation target by using interest rates. It is a very simple example which should explain this instrument: If inflation is higher than the target, the bank can raise interest rates. The effect is that the inflation will decrease. If inflation is lower than the target, the bank can decrease interest rates. The result is that inflation will increase.  [23]   Concerning inflation targeting it is necessary to take a look at Taylors Rule which determines the interest rates. The central banks may follow the rule. Therefore you have to take a look a the following formula: . is the inflation rate, is the inflation target, is the nominal interest rate, is the target interest rate, is the unemployment rate and is the natural unemployment rate. and are positive coefficients. If and the nominal interest rate should be equal to , the inflation target. This procedure has to be done by the central bank. When >, the inflation rate is higher than the inflation target. In that case the central bank has to intervene. It has to increase above . The effect is that umeployment will increase because of the higher interest rate and the inflation will decrease. The coefficient has to be larger than one. The higher it is the better the inflation target will be achieved.  [24]   2. The more central bank increase interest rate 3. The more economy slow down 4. The more unemploy-ment increase 5. Inflation target achieved faster 1. The higher The central bank has to increase the real interest rate when inflation increases. But therefore the aim of the central bank should be decreasing spending and ouput. When > the nominal interest rate should be decreased by the central bank. The result is that the output will increase and the unemployment will decrease. has the the same aim like . It shows the care about unemployment in relation to inflation by the central bank. If ÃŽÂ ² is higher, the c.bank is more concerned to bring the unemployment close to natural level (to increase employment) and to increase output than to keep the inflation close to its target.  [25]   2. Central bank bring unemployment close to natural level 3. Central bank increase output 1.The higher 4. Central bank achieve inflation target The nominal exchange rate is also a monetary policy strategy. Through pegging the domestic currency to a very stable currency it is possible to control the exchange rate and the inflation.  [26]  But there are some requirements which have to be fulfilled. At first there has to be a country which has a currency that is powerful enough to be an anchor currency. The issue bank of the anchor currency country needs a huge reliability because of well developed stability in the past. Furthermore a large part of the foreign trade has to be done with the anchor currency country or in its currency. That means that for example Poland has to trade with Germany or in à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬. It is also possible to trade in US-$ but therefore the anchor currency country has to be the USA.  [27]  Furthermore an aim is to attract capital flows and to stabilize the movement of interest rates. When there is a danger that the domestic currency will decrease the central bank will increase central banks. If there is an danger that the domestic currency will increase the central bank will decrease interest rates.  [28]   The European Central Bank (ECB) is using the two-pillar strategy. The first pillar is a wide economic analysis to identify short- and middle-term risks for keeping price stability. For the analysis the ECB has a lot of indicators which are used to identify these risks. For example the economic growth, wage development, exchange rate development and the balance of payment situation, consumer price and producer price index development, asset price and real-estate price development and the inflation forecast.  [29]  The content of the second pillar is based on the quantity theory of money and is similar to the strategy of the Deutsche Bundesbank. The formular below expresses the annual increase of M3: M3  · V = P  · Y V is velocity and it is between 0,5% to 1% per year. P is price increase and it is up to 2%. Y is the growth of the production potential and it is between 2% to 2,5%. Because of these factors the annual increase of M3 is 4,5%. With the help of these two-strategies the ECB is able to achieve their main aim, price stability.  [30]   4. List of sources Felderer, B. / Homburg,S., Makroà ¶konomik und neue Makroà ¶konomik, 9.Auflage, Berlin 2005 Borchert, M., Geld und Kredit, 7.Auflage, Mà ¼nchen 2001 Gischer, H. /Herz, B. /Menkhoff, L., Geld, Kredit und Banken, 2.Auflage, Berlin-Heidelberg 2005 Kazandziska, M., Macroeconomics I, Session 13 Bofinger, P. / Reischle, J. / Schà ¤chter, A., Geldpolitik, 1.Auflage, Mà ¼nchen 1996 Blanchard, O., Macroeconomics, 3.Auflage, Upper Saddle River 2003 Heine, M. / Herr, H., Volkswirtschaftslehrer, 3.Auflage, Mà ¼nchen 2003 Mankiw, N. Gregory, Mikroà ¶konomik, 5.Auflage, Stuttgart 2003 Burda, M. / Wyplosz, C., Macroeconomics, 3.Auflage, New York 2001

Tinkering With Destiny :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Community is a group of people living or working together. The people who share the community should be united as one and work together to make their surroundings a better place. In reality, most communities strive for unity and try to have a commonground of understanding, but that rarely happens. To me it seems that a lot of communities have conflicts and do not try to do what is best for the community, because everyone wants to be in control. A lot of people are only thinking about themselves and don't want to help others. People also feel that they can not make a difference because they are only one person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So, what is best for a community? In my opinion a community should uphold their responsibilities to one another. A community should make the best of any situation and try to complete their goals. A community should reflect on what hasn't worked for them in the past and try to work on the ideal solution for the future. A community must have respect for one another and appreciate one another for their differences. It is important to notice that there are differences between people, but it's also important to accept those differences. A community should be aware of everyone's talents and creativities, and each of these aspects should be used to its fullest abilities. A community must be a strong and structured source that everyone can rely on in the time of need. A community should allow you to feel like family and friends surround you, and know that you can depend on them at any time. A community can give people the sense of belonging, that they are apart of somethi ng. It allows people to feel that they are needed, and their services will be useful. A community should enhance the feeling of security, unity, and peace.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you are servicing to others, it makes you feel that you are needed and wanted. You have feel like someone is depending on you. Which makes you want to strive harder and do your best. When you are doing your best and putting your all into it, then that is what makes you feel that you are doing the duties of a community. If you are able to make a difference in just one person's life you have touched the community in a different way. When you work your hardest and giving it your all, then I feel that you are a member of a community.

Strategies to Implement Sustainability Programs

Strategic Supply Chain Management: Individual Assignment Table of Contents Content Introduction What is Supply Chain Sustainability? Why is Supply Chain Sustainability important?Traditional supply chain vs sustainable supply chain Advantages of Supply Chain Sustainability Strategies to implement sustainability in supply chain process Step1: Access the current supply chain Step 2 Access Environment: Current, Potential, and Future Impact Factors Step 3: Evaluation: Identifying Potential Risks and Opportunities Step 4: Extend or Re-design the Supply Chain Strategy Step 5 & step 6: Implementation with the Sustainable Supply Chain Scorecard Conclusion References Page No 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 6 6 6 7 8 9 AHMG Kibria Page 1 Strategic Supply Chain Management:Individual Assignment Topic: Strategies to implement sustainability programs in the supply chain firms Introduction: Environmental issues are becoming the main concerns of many global supply chain practitioners in today’s world. In order to address these emerging environmental issues, businesses around the globe are looking for a total solution on the reduction of the waste generated from the current supply chain process. Meanwhile, implementation cost that is needed to implement these environmental issues plays a major part in their considerations in selecting an implementation strategy.Recent studies by Carter and Rogers (2008) emphasised that sustainable supply chain development in terms of social, economic, and environmental benefits should be taken into consideration in a supply chain practice. More specifically, supply chain management can be defined as the integration of the social, economic, and environmental practices within a global supply chain that provide green products, excellent services and accurate information sharing that beneficial to all employees, shareholders, business partners and the wider community.The intent of this research is to propose strategies to implement sustainability in supply cha in firms. There are many different strategies have been used by the supply chain firms. This report analysed six step process approaches to implement sustainability in the supply chain process. What is Supply Chain Sustainability? Supply chain sustainability is the management of environmental, social and economic impacts, and the encouragement of good governance practices, throughout the lifecycles of goods and services.The objective of supply chain sustainability is to create, protect and grow long-term environmental, social and economic value for all stakeholders (consumers, community, government, society, employees etc). Why is Supply Chain Sustainability important? There are many reasons why companies start a supply chain sustainability journey. Primary among them is to ensure compliance with laws and regulations and to support international principles for sustainable business conduct.In addition, companies are increasingly taking actions that result in better social, economic a nd environmental impacts because society expects this and because there are business benefits to doing so. By managing and seeking to improve environmental, social and economic performance and good governance throughout supply chains, companies act in their own interests, the interests of their stakeholders and the interests of society at large.According to Penfield (2009) Supply chain operations are fundamental to sustainability performance and supplying for sustainability is being touted in management circles as the future of competitive supply chains. Traditional supply chain vs sustainable supply chain Conventional supply chains are more interested in serving the purpose of logistics than optimization. On the other hand a focus on sustainability aims at creating and protecting value with reference to long-term social, environmental and economic components in bringing goods AHMG Kibria Page 2 Strategic Supply Chain Management:Individual Assignment and services to the market. The primacy of operations is to adequately meet current demands while making reserves for future generations. Linton et al (2007), indicates the focus of sustainable logistics is on optimization of resources along the entire production so that final production is of the highest value at the lowest cost. There is strategic optimization of resources, reduction of wastages, as well as utilization of supply by-products. In addition, it entails a focus beyond delivery to consumers, to other areas beyond the traditional scope of supply chain management.According to IBM report (2009) supply chain management in contemporary business practice faces five key challenges: cost containment, supply chain visibility, risk management, growing market demand and globalization impacts. Conventional chains only focused on delivering the end-products and, as such, suffered diminished returns owing to the growth in market and volatile consumers. On the other hand, supply chain sustainability seeks to not onl y deliver the utility, but also seeks to improve social, economic and environmental performance.As such, companies and supply chain managers deliver their own interests and those of the stakeholders and the society (Misra, et al. 2010). Advantages of Supply Chain Sustainability Social Advantage – Primary benefits are derived from positive environmental and social externalities that are enjoyed by both customers and companies’ stakeholders alike. For example Wal-Mart has implemented a program that successfully minimises the waste allocated to landfill within the USA (19. 1%), and increasingly China and Brazil (52%), which has the potential to prevent 11. million metric tons of CO2 emissions annually (Wal-Mart, 2012). Financial Advantage- Companies are realizing competitive benefits from investing in supply chain efficiency, Wal-Mart generated in excess of $231million in 2011 through a combination of increased recycling revenue and decreased expenses (Wal-Mart, 2012). En hanced supply chain security – Improvements in labour conditions has the compounded benefit of reducing employee induced work stoppages and can positively impact a company’s ability to continuously manufacture goods and services, increasing customer satisfaction and revenue.Increased competitiveness of suppliers – Buyers increasingly interprets suppliers’ good CSR performance as a sign of strong overall management, which affects other elements of supplier development, such as quality and on-time deliveries. In the long run, suppliers that work to continuously improve their environmental and social performance will gain better access to markets and clients (BSR Survey). Strategies to implement sustainability in supply chain process In order to develop strategies supply chain managers need to consider what a supply chain strategy is, link the strategy to the competitive strategy and sustainability.The following figure shows the three important elements in o rder to develop a successful sustainable supply chain. AHMG Kibria Page 3 Strategic Supply Chain Management: Individual Assignment Figure: Three areas to integrate sustainable supply chain Cetinkaya (2011) This report analyses an iterative six step process approach to implement sustainability in Supply chain firms. A systematic approach to strategy design and integration can help companies developing a sustainable supply chain to create a value proposition.This iterative six-step approach has to be seen as a cycle which should be executed regularly in your supply chain, since relevant conditions may change quite quickly and sometimes radically for example, the oil price spike of 2008. AHMG Kibria Page 4 Strategic Supply Chain Management: Individual Assignment Figure: Steps of a sustainable supply chain strategy Cetinkaya (2011) Step1: Access the current supply chain: Step 1 aims to take stock of the current state of company- and supply chain specific characteristics regarding strate gy, resources, and current and planned practices.It is mainly concerned with internal factors and considers elements which are usually within the control of a company. It seeks to discover whether there is a common strategic alignment, and whether the goals of each strategy element are integrated, aligned, and complementary. A company’s own supply chain strategy which is not aligned to the corporate and cross-company supply chain strategy cannot be sustainable. Potential short- and long-term goal conflicts can rapidly become serious barriers to implementing a sustainable supply chain along its members; especially if the supply chain is required to adapt quickly to change.The analysis also shows if top management commitment is given within the individual companies and the supply chain. In summary the findings from this step are: ? ? ? ? The existing corporate and competitive strategies The sustainability strategies (if sustainability is not already part of the corporate strate gy) The company-specific supply chain strategies, and finally The cross-company supply chain and collaboration strategy Cetinkaya (2011). AHMG Kibria Page 5 Strategic Supply Chain Management: Individual AssignmentStep 2 Access Environment: Current, Potential, and Future Impact Factors The second step of this process deals primarily with what is changing in the business environment, what kind of scenarios your company will face in the medium and long term, and finally, what the main driver of change may be. This will lead, together with the analysis from step 1, to the definition of potential risks and opportunities for your supply chain strategy in step 3. Supply chain input resources such as fuel, energy, and natural resources nowadays deserve close attention in supply chain management logistics.The trend of rising prices and increasing scarcity make input resources major risk management factors in an economic perspective, especially when a company runs cost- and energy-sensitive s upply chains. Understanding and forecasting input resource-related information helps in developing a sustainable supply chain strategy Cetinkaya (2011). Step 3: Evaluation: Identifying Potential Risks and Opportunities: After analysing first two steps of this process it is easier to identify potential risks and opportunities to implements sustainability in supply chain process.Supply chain firms can use framework to access supply chain capabilities in the context of the scenarios identified in the step2. The assessment then serves to determine supply chain specific Threat-OpportunityProfile. Companies need to understand the cause-and-effect relationships between potential success factors to undertake evaluation. For example, companies should be able to estimate that the regionalization of procurement structures in response to an oil price increase would be likely to reduce transport costs Cetinkaya (2011).Step 4: Extend or Re-design the Supply Chain Strategy Based on the Threat-Oppo rtunity-Profile, now it is possible to define strategic gaps on the route to a sustainable supply chain; gaps between current supply chain strategy and the changing business environment. The greater and more relevant the potential risks and opportunities, the larger will be the gaps, and the greater the need to act and make strategy changes. At this stage the following strategic programs can be distinguished: 1. Compliance- to obtain the benefit and competitive value of reducing and managing risk. 2.Process-Re-engineering- to obtain the benefit and competitive value of improving productivity and efficiency and in consequence, of reduced supply chain costs, increased resource productivity, and reduced environmental impacts. 3. Restructuring- to obtain the benefit and competitive value of the long term and fundamental improvement of effectiveness and early prevention of risk. 4. Innovation- to obtain the benefit and competitive value of differentiation. 5. Progression- to obtain the b enefit of first mover advantage, and establishing market entry barriers Cetinkaya (2011).AHMG Kibria Page 6 Strategic Supply Chain Management: Individual Assignment Step 5 & step 6: Implementation with the Sustainable Supply Chain Scorecard: After completing step1 to step4 companies must be able to develop appropriate scope of strategic vision and determine the right actions to align supply chain strategy to the changing business environment. These findings have been incorporated into the reformulation or redesign of existing supply chain strategy and the associated objectives. Now, the following step will show how to implement them.This research analyses â€Å"Balanced Scorecard† developed by Kaplan and Norton from 1990 in order to show implementation of findings from stage1 to stage4. Figure: The Kaplan/Norton Balanced Scorecard Cetinkaya (2011) The Balanced Scorecard is a (performance) management system providing a framework to translate a strategy into balanced operationa l terms via objectives and measures, organised into four different perspectives: financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth. The measures represent a balance ?Between external measures for shareholders and customers, and internal measures of critical business processes, innovation , and learning and growth. ? Between the outcome measures – the result from past efforts- and the measures that drive future performance, and ? Between objectives, easily quantified outcome measures and subjective, somewhat judgmental, performance drivers of the outcome measures. Scorecard: the financial perspective: Assess social and ecologic activities accurately from the economic point of view.Scorecard: the sustainability perspective: Link financial figures with customer needs. Extend this link by the environmental and social perspective. AHMG Kibria Page 7 Strategic Supply Chain Management: Individual Assignment Scorecard: the supply chain perspective: Incorporate t actical and strategic decisions along the end-to-end supply chain. Collaborate with your sales and product development departments and partners Cetinkaya (2011). Scorecard: The learning and growth perspective: Drive supply chain wide learning.So, after analysing Balance Scorecard it has seen that supply chain companies will be able to implement their strategy and also evaluate their strategy. Conclusion This research paper described the importance of sustainability in supply chain process. It also showed the differences between traditional supply chain and sustainable supply chain, the advantages of having sustainability in supply chain process. Most importantly this research analysed the strategy to implement sustainability.In order to do that it showed a six step process which is: step1: access the current supply chain, step2: access environment: current, potential, and future impact factors, step3: evaluation: identifying potential risks and opportunities, step4: extend or re-des ign the supply chain Strategy, step 5 & step 6: how to implement strategies with the sustainable supply chain scorecard which shows the financial, sustainable, supply chain and learning & growth perspective. Supply chain companies will be able to implement sustainability in their process by following these six step-by-step processes. AHMG Kibria Page 8Strategic Supply Chain Management: Individual Assignment References: ? BSR20, Maximizing Benefits From a Sustainable Supply Chain, BSR, March, 2011, viewed 28 September 2012, http://www. bsr. org/reports/BSR_Maximizing_Benefits_From_A_Sustainable_Supply_Chain. p df Carter, C. R. and Rogers, D. S. â€Å"A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving towards new theory,† International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, vol. 38, pp. 360-387, 2008. Cetinkaya, B. , 2011, 1st edn, Developing a Sustainable Supply Chain Strategy’, Sustainable Supply Chain Management, viewed at 13/11/12. http:// www. pringer. com/business+%26+management/production/book/978-3-642-12022-0 IBM, 2009. The smarter supply chain of the future: Global chief supply chain officer study, New York: IBM Global Services. Linton, J. , Klassen, R. & Jayaraman, V. , 2006. ‘Sustainable supply chains: An introduction’, Journal of operations management, Kaplan RS, Norton DP (1996): The balanced scorecard: translating strategy into action. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press Misra, V. , Khan, M. & Singh, U. , 2010, ‘Supply chain management systems: Architecture, design and vision’, Journal of strategic innovation and sustainability, vol. , no. 4, pp. 102108. Penfield, P. 2009, Seven Steps to Implementing a Sustainable Supply Chain, Syracuse University, Charlotte. Sisco, C. , Chorn, B. , Jorgensen, P. , 2010, Supply Chain Sustainability- A Practical Guide for Continuous Improvement, UN Global Compact Office and Business for Social Responsibility, viewed at 12/11/12 http://www. u nglobalcompact. org/docs/issues_doc/supply_chain/SupplyChainRep_spread. pdf Walmart Boyend 50 years: Building a sustainable future, Walmart, viewed 27/09/12 http://www. walmartstores. com/sites/responsibility-report/2012/ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? AHMG Kibria Page 9